Models for quantitative charge imaging by atomic force microscopy

Imaging of viruses by atomic force microscopy.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to image a variety of virus particles in vitro and could, conceivably, be used as a useful diagnostic for their presence, their structural characterization and even their identification. Virus particles can be imaged by AFM in air, under alcohol or in physiological medium, and accurate measurements of their dimensions obtained. In addition, the appear...

Control Strategies Towards Faster Quantitative Imaging in Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopes provide unprecedented access to surfaces at the nanometer level both for imaging and for local surface modifications. Precise positioning, accurate control of interaction forces and speed are critical issues when operating these instruments. This paper summarizes how modern model-based control strategies lead to higher permissible imaging speeds, improved control over t...

Bacterial immobilization for imaging by atomic force microscopy.

AFM is a high-resolution (nm scale) imaging tool that mechanically probes a surface. It has the ability to image cells and biomolecules, in a liquid environment, without the need to chemically treat the sample. In order to accomplish this goal, the sample must sufficiently adhere to the mounting surface to prevent removal by forces exerted by the scanning AFM cantilever tip. In many instances, ...

Atomic force microscopy cantilevers beyond imaging

Phase imaging with intermodulation atomic force microscopy.

Intermodulation atomic force microscopy (IMAFM) is a dynamic mode of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with two-tone excitation. The oscillating AFM cantilever in close proximity to a surface experiences the nonlinear tip-sample force which mixes the drive tones and generates new frequency components in the cantilever response known as intermodulation products (IMPs). We present a procedure for ext...